Lung Disease And Flying

[ironjustice]

"Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease"

Would this BE because of their PREdisposal to too many red blood
cells / polycythemia ?
Lung disease is accompanied by erythrocytosis / polycythemia /
increased red blood cells.
The lung disease induced blood cell production is NOW increased even
more / red blood cell production / low cabin pressure .. leads to
increased chance of .. death / stroke .. ?

--------

Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease

(Reuters Health) Jun 24 - All patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo a hypoxic challenge test prior
to air travel, according to a report in the June issue of Thorax.

The authors of the paper, led by Dr. M. W. Elliott from St. James's
University Hospital, Leeds, UK, note that according to British
Thoracic Society guidelines, travelers with respiratory disease do not
need to be assessed for a need for supplemental in-flight oxygen if
their resting oxygen saturation is greater than 95%. These guidelines,
the authors say, are based "on anecdotal evidence and little data."

To assess the appropriateness of the British guidelines, the
researchers administered hypoxic challenge tests to 19 adults with
kyphoscoliosis or neuromuscular disease, all of whom were at risk for
nocturnal hypoventilation and 15 of whom used home ventilators while
sleeping.

All subjects completed the challenge with no adverse effects, although
testing was aborted in 5 patients when oxygen saturation fell below
85%. Three of these 5 had resting oxygen saturation levels above 95%.

Based on the results of the hypoxic challenge tests, supplemental in-
flight oxygen would be recommended for 50% of the patients with
resting oxygen saturation above 95% (who would not be deemed by the
British Thoracic Society guidelines to require in-flight oxygen) and
71% of patients with borderline baseline oxygen saturation (92-95%).

Only 4 of the 19 patients in this study would definitely not require
in-flight oxygen based on the test result, the researchers note.

There was no consistent relationship between the change in partial
pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and the change in partial pressure
of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) during hypoxic challenge, the
investigators say.

"This finding suggests that all patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo assessment with hypoxic
challenge test prior to air travel," the authors conclude. "The study
confirms that even patients with a resting saturation of >95% can
desaturate significantly during hypoxic challenge."

"A decision as to whether it is safe for a patient to fly should be
made by an experienced clinician...based on a number of factors, which
should include previous travel experience, the patient's overall
condition, and the results of a hypoxic challenge test," they add.

Thorax 2009;64:532-534.
--------------


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

[ironjustice]

Rusty , the Spamming Dickwadd

[ironjustice]

On Jun 26, 7:55 am, ironjustice <***@aol.com> wrote:On Jun 26,
8:21 am, ironjustice <***@aol.com> wrote:snip <<

I think this should be your bumper sticker ..


Don't ya .. think .. ?


Stapled right along the other .. note .. ?


"Lmpdck Little Atheist Btch"

or .. ?

"Predatory Possibly Pedophiliac Propensity"

Make sure you faq off .. atheist ..


Atheist .. BTCH ..

"Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease"

Would this BE because of their PREdisposal to too many red blood
cells / polycythemia ?
Lung disease is accompanied by erythrocytosis / polycythemia /
increased red blood cells.
The lung disease induced blood cell production is NOW increased even
more / red blood cell production / low cabin pressure .. leads to
increased chance of .. death / stroke .. ?


--------


Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease


(Reuters Health) Jun 24 - All patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo a hypoxic challenge test
prior
to air travel, according to a report in the June issue of Thorax.


The authors of the paper, led by Dr. M. W. Elliott from St. James's
University Hospital, Leeds, UK, note that according to British
Thoracic Society guidelines, travelers with respiratory disease do
not
need to be assessed for a need for supplemental in-flight oxygen if
their resting oxygen saturation is greater than 95%. These
guidelines,
the authors say, are based "on anecdotal evidence and little data."


To assess the appropriateness of the British guidelines, the
researchers administered hypoxic challenge tests to 19 adults with
kyphoscoliosis or neuromuscular disease, all of whom were at risk for
nocturnal hypoventilation and 15 of whom used home ventilators while
sleeping.


All subjects completed the challenge with no adverse effects,
although
testing was aborted in 5 patients when oxygen saturation fell below
85%. Three of these 5 had resting oxygen saturation levels above 95%.


Based on the results of the hypoxic challenge tests, supplemental in-
flight oxygen would be recommended for 50% of the patients with
resting oxygen saturation above 95% (who would not be deemed by the
British Thoracic Society guidelines to require in-flight oxygen) and
71% of patients with borderline baseline oxygen saturation (92-95%).


Only 4 of the 19 patients in this study would definitely not require
in-flight oxygen based on the test result, the researchers note.


There was no consistent relationship between the change in partial
pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and the change in partial pressure
of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) during hypoxic challenge, the
investigators say.


"This finding suggests that all patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo assessment with hypoxic
challenge test prior to air travel," the authors conclude. "The study
confirms that even patients with a resting saturation of >95% can
desaturate significantly during hypoxic challenge."


"A decision as to whether it is safe for a patient to fly should be
made by an experienced clinician...based on a number of factors,
which
should include previous travel experience, the patient's overall
condition, and the results of a hypoxic challenge test," they add.


Thorax 2009;64:532-534.
--------------


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

[ironjustice]

Rusty, ya spamming Canuck Dickwadd
Get out of your mom's basement, go into Rehab so you
won't be an eternal drain on the Canadian economy, but
don't come to the U.S. or you will have to register as a
sexual predator with a proven mental deficiency.

For your sake, and your mother's as well, you need to
get help with your copraphagic impulses. Let the neighbors
throw their kid's diapers away without having to see you
rummaging through their garbage bags. And your feces-
breath may be keeping those job interviews from being
productive.

[ironjustice]

On Jun 26, 8:32 am, ironjustice <***@aol.com> wrote: snip <<

LMPDCK Little Atheist BTCH

I really do think THAT should be your bumper sticker ..

Stapled right along the other .. note ..

"Lmpdck Little Atheist Btch"

or .. ?

"Predatory Possibly Pedophiliac Propensity"

Make sure you faq off .. atheist ..

Atheist .. BTCH ..

or ..

LMPDCK .. atheist .. BTCH ..

or ..

You have a wee talleywacker .. atheist ..

Take your .. pick .. shteater ..

Heh .. heh ..


Your arteries on Wonder bread
Published: Thursday, June 25, 2009 - 13:08 in Health & Medicine


AFTAU
Doctors have known for decades that foods like white bread and corn
flakes aren't good for cardiac health. In a landmark study, new
research from Tel Aviv University now shows exactly how these high
carb foods increase the risk for heart problems. "Looking inside" the
arteries of students eating a variety of foods, Dr. Michael Shechter
of Tel Aviv University's Sackler School of Medicine and the Heart
Institute of Sheba Medical Center -- with collaboration of the
Endocrinology Institute -- visualized exactly what happens inside the
body when the wrong foods for a healthy heart are eaten. He found
that
foods with a high glycemic index distended brachial arteries for
several hours.


Elasticity of arteries anywhere in the body can be a measure of heart
health. But when aggravated over time, a sudden expansion of the
artery wall can cause a number of negative health effects, including
reduced elasticity, which can cause heart disease or sudden death.


Using a clinical and research technique pioneered by his laboratory
in
Israel, Dr. Shechter was able to visualize what happens inside our
arteries before, during and after eating high carb foods. It is a
first in medical history. The results were published in the Journal
of
the American College of Cardiology.
Time to skip the wedding cake?


"It's very hard to predict heart disease," says Dr. Shechter, a
fellow
of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart
Association. "But doctors know that high glycemic foods rapidly
increase blood sugar. Those who binge on these foods have a greater
chance of sudden death from heart attack. Our research connects the
dots, showing the link between diet and what's happening in real time
in the arteries."


Like the uncomfortable medical warnings on packets of cigarettes,
this
new research could lead to a whole new way to show patients the
effects of a poor diet on our body.


Using 56 healthy volunteers, the researchers looked at four groups.
One group ate a cornflake mush mixed with milk, a second a pure sugar
mixture, the third bran flakes, while the last group was given a
placebo (water). Over four weeks, Dr. Shechter applied his method of
"brachial reactive testing" to each group. The test uses a cuff on
the
arm, like those used to measure blood pressure, which can visualize
arterial function in real time.


The results were dramatic. Before any of the patients ate, arterial
function was essentially the same. After eating, except for the
placebo group, all had reduced functioning.
All roads lead to the endothelium


Enormous peaks indicating arterial stress were found in the high
glycemic index groups: the cornflakes and sugar group. "We knew high
glycemic foods were bad for the heart. Now we have a mechanism that
shows how," says Dr. Shechter. "Foods like cornflakes, white bread,
french fries, and sweetened soda all put undue stress on our
arteries.
We've explained for the first time how high glycemic carbs can affect
the progression of heart disease." During the consumption of foods
high in sugar, there appears to be a temporary and sudden dysfunction
in the endothelial walls of the arteries.


Endothelial health can be traced back to almost every disorder and
disease in the body. It is "the riskiest of the risk factors," says
Dr. Shechter, who practices at the Chaim Sheba Medical Center -- Tel
Hashomer Hospital. There he offers a treatment that can show patients
-- in real time -- if they have a high risk for heart attacks.
"Medical
tourists" from America regularly visit to take the heart test.


The take-away message? Dr. Shechter says to stick to foods like
oatmeal, fruits and vegetables, legumes and nuts, which have a low
glycemic index. Exercising every day for at least 30 minutes, he
adds,
is an extra heart-smart action to take.


Source: American Friends of Tel Aviv University


-----------------------


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk


"Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease"


Would this BE because of their PREdisposal to too many red blood
cells / polycythemia ?
Lung disease is accompanied by erythrocytosis / polycythemia /
increased red blood cells.
The lung disease induced blood cell production is NOW increased even
more / red blood cell production / low cabin pressure .. leads to
increased chance of .. death / stroke .. ?


--------


Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease


(Reuters Health) Jun 24 - All patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo a hypoxic challenge test
prior
to air travel, according to a report in the June issue of Thorax.


The authors of the paper, led by Dr. M. W. Elliott from St. James's
University Hospital, Leeds, UK, note that according to British
Thoracic Society guidelines, travelers with respiratory disease do
not
need to be assessed for a need for supplemental in-flight oxygen if
their resting oxygen saturation is greater than 95%. These
guidelines,
the authors say, are based "on anecdotal evidence and little data."


To assess the appropriateness of the British guidelines, the
researchers administered hypoxic challenge tests to 19 adults with
kyphoscoliosis or neuromuscular disease, all of whom were at risk for
nocturnal hypoventilation and 15 of whom used home ventilators while
sleeping.


All subjects completed the challenge with no adverse effects,
although
testing was aborted in 5 patients when oxygen saturation fell below
85%. Three of these 5 had resting oxygen saturation levels above 95%.


Based on the results of the hypoxic challenge tests, supplemental in-
flight oxygen would be recommended for 50% of the patients with
resting oxygen saturation above 95% (who would not be deemed by the
British Thoracic Society guidelines to require in-flight oxygen) and
71% of patients with borderline baseline oxygen saturation (92-95%).


Only 4 of the 19 patients in this study would definitely not require
in-flight oxygen based on the test result, the researchers note.


There was no consistent relationship between the change in partial
pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and the change in partial pressure
of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) during hypoxic challenge, the
investigators say.


"This finding suggests that all patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo assessment with hypoxic
challenge test prior to air travel," the authors conclude. "The study
confirms that even patients with a resting saturation of >95% can
desaturate significantly during hypoxic challenge."


"A decision as to whether it is safe for a patient to fly should be
made by an experienced clinician...based on a number of factors,
which
should include previous travel experience, the patient's overall
condition, and the results of a hypoxic challenge test," they add.


Thorax 2009;64:532-534.
--------------


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

[ironjustice]

"Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease"

Would this BE because of their PREdisposal to too many red blood
cells / polycythemia ?
Lung disease is accompanied by erythrocytosis / polycythemia /
increased red blood cells.
The lung disease induced blood cell production is NOW increased even
more / red blood cell production / low cabin pressure .. leads to
increased chance of .. death / stroke .. ?


--------


Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease


(Reuters Health) Jun 24 - All patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo a hypoxic challenge test
prior
to air travel, according to a report in the June issue of Thorax.


The authors of the paper, led by Dr. M. W. Elliott from St. James's
University Hospital, Leeds, UK, note that according to British
Thoracic Society guidelines, travelers with respiratory disease do
not
need to be assessed for a need for supplemental in-flight oxygen if
their resting oxygen saturation is greater than 95%. These
guidelines,
the authors say, are based "on anecdotal evidence and little data."


To assess the appropriateness of the British guidelines, the
researchers administered hypoxic challenge tests to 19 adults with
kyphoscoliosis or neuromuscular disease, all of whom were at risk for
nocturnal hypoventilation and 15 of whom used home ventilators while
sleeping.


All subjects completed the challenge with no adverse effects,
although
testing was aborted in 5 patients when oxygen saturation fell below
85%. Three of these 5 had resting oxygen saturation levels above 95%.


Based on the results of the hypoxic challenge tests, supplemental in-
flight oxygen would be recommended for 50% of the patients with
resting oxygen saturation above 95% (who would not be deemed by the
British Thoracic Society guidelines to require in-flight oxygen) and
71% of patients with borderline baseline oxygen saturation (92-95%).


Only 4 of the 19 patients in this study would definitely not require
in-flight oxygen based on the test result, the researchers note.


There was no consistent relationship between the change in partial
pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and the change in partial pressure
of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) during hypoxic challenge, the
investigators say.


"This finding suggests that all patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo assessment with hypoxic
challenge test prior to air travel," the authors conclude. "The study
confirms that even patients with a resting saturation of >95% can
desaturate significantly during hypoxic challenge."


"A decision as to whether it is safe for a patient to fly should be
made by an experienced clinician...based on a number of factors,
which
should include previous travel experience, the patient's overall
condition, and the results of a hypoxic challenge test," they add.


Thorax 2009;64:532-534.
--------------


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

[ironjustice]

Rusty, ya spamming Canuck Dickwadd
Get out of your mom's basement, go into Rehab so you
won't be an eternal drain on the Canadian economy, but
don't come to the U.S. or you will have to register as a
sexual predator with a proven mental deficiency.

For your sake, and your mother's as well, you need to
get help with your copraphagic impulses. Let the neighbors
throw their kid's diapers away without having to see you
rummaging through their garbage bags. And your feces-
breath may be keeping those job interviews from being
productive.

[ironjustice]

On Jun 26, 8:59 am, ironjustice <***@earthlink.net> wrote: snip
<<

It still looks like you attempt to actually say sht on my threads ..
atheist ..
or should I say you .. little shteating predatory atheist btch ..

You take your predatory shteating atheist .. self .. elsewhere ..

Your type is .. repugnant ..

Giiiiit ..

Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease

Would this BE because of their PREdisposal to too many red blood
cells / polycythemia ?
Lung disease is accompanied by erythrocytosis / polycythemia /
increased red blood cells.
The lung disease induced blood cell production is NOW increased even
more / red blood cell production / low cabin pressure .. leads to
increased chance of .. death / stroke .. ?


--------


Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease


(Reuters Health) Jun 24 - All patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo a hypoxic challenge test
prior
to air travel, according to a report in the June issue of Thorax.


The authors of the paper, led by Dr. M. W. Elliott from St. James's
University Hospital, Leeds, UK, note that according to British
Thoracic Society guidelines, travelers with respiratory disease do
not
need to be assessed for a need for supplemental in-flight oxygen if
their resting oxygen saturation is greater than 95%. These
guidelines,
the authors say, are based "on anecdotal evidence and little data."


To assess the appropriateness of the British guidelines, the
researchers administered hypoxic challenge tests to 19 adults with
kyphoscoliosis or neuromuscular disease, all of whom were at risk for
nocturnal hypoventilation and 15 of whom used home ventilators while
sleeping.


All subjects completed the challenge with no adverse effects,
although
testing was aborted in 5 patients when oxygen saturation fell below
85%. Three of these 5 had resting oxygen saturation levels above 95%.


Based on the results of the hypoxic challenge tests, supplemental in-
flight oxygen would be recommended for 50% of the patients with
resting oxygen saturation above 95% (who would not be deemed by the
British Thoracic Society guidelines to require in-flight oxygen) and
71% of patients with borderline baseline oxygen saturation (92-95%).


Only 4 of the 19 patients in this study would definitely not require
in-flight oxygen based on the test result, the researchers note.


There was no consistent relationship between the change in partial
pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and the change in partial pressure
of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) during hypoxic challenge, the
investigators say.


"This finding suggests that all patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo assessment with hypoxic
challenge test prior to air travel," the authors conclude. "The study
confirms that even patients with a resting saturation of >95% can
desaturate significantly during hypoxic challenge."


"A decision as to whether it is safe for a patient to fly should be
made by an experienced clinician...based on a number of factors,
which
should include previous travel experience, the patient's overall
condition, and the results of a hypoxic challenge test," they add.


Thorax 2009;64:532-534.
--------------


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

[ironjustice]

On Jun 26, 9:16 am, ironjustice <***@rock.com> wrote:
Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease <<

"Chelating agents to facilitate thrombolysis"

Modification of fibrin structure as a possible cause of thrombolytic
resistance
Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis
Boguslaw Lipinski1
(1) Department of Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA

Published online: 24 June 2009

Abstract
This paper presents a concept according to which free radicals,
specifically
the most biologically active hydroxyl radicals, induce structural
modifications
in fibrin(ogen) molecules making them resistant to proteolytic
degradation.
Such changes are analogous to those in congeneticaly altered
fibrinogen that
give rise to plasmin resistant fibrin clots and consequently to
thrombosis.
In view of the fact that hydroxyl radicals are generated in the Fenton
reaction
in the presence of iron and/or copper ions, the use of chelating
agents to
facilitate thrombolysis is rationalized.
Moreover, the resistance of thrombi older than 3 h to proteolytic
degradation
may be abrogated by the administration of free radical scavengers,
particularly
those that can be neutralized by virtue of aromatic hydroxylation,
such as
salicylates and polyphenolic compounds.

Keywords Free radicals - Fibrin(ogen) - Proteolysis - Chelating
agents -
Free radical scavengers

Boguslaw Lipinski
Email: ***@joslin.harvard.edu

------­­­­­­-----

Deep Vein Thrombosis FAQ

Question: What is Deep Vein Thrombosis.?


Answer: DVT is the name given to a blood clot that forms
in a vein, most commonly in the calf. On a plane, DVT
can be caused partly by dehydration - it gets very dry
in planes and the blood becomes thicker than usual - and
by not moving about.


Long-haul, direct flights may carry the biggest risk
because there is less opportunity to move around.


Question: What happens.?


Answer: A combination of inactivity, sluggish
circulation and thicker blood results in a clot forming
on the side wall of a vein.


Platelets in the blood stick to each other and to the
wall.


The clot gets slowly bigger and obstructs the vein,
although it is rare for the whole vein to become blocked.


Question: Why does it happen.?


Answer: Because it is a long way from the bottom of the
leg back to the heart, the calf muscle acts as a vein pump
to send the blood back up. The problem is it only works
when the muscle is working, so if you are sitting in a
chair or lying for a long time the calf muscle takes time
out.


Question: Why does that cause a clot.?


Answer: The blood is thicker, both because of dehydration
and because it is not moving about, and as a result there
is a tendency for it to become sluggish and clot.


When you eventually stand up, the muscle gets going and
the clot or a bit of it may break off and head up towards
the heart along with a tail of debris which has built up
behind and may be several inches long. It arrives in the
right side of the heart and is pumped into the lungs,
becoming a pulmonary embolism. If it is big enough to clog
up vessel it can have a big impact on breathing. The whole
functioning of the lung can be compromised.


Question: Who is at risk?.


Answer: Factors include being over 40, although there have
been younger victims. Others include being on the Pill,
smoking, overweight or having a previous DVT or recent
major surgery.


Also more susceptible are those suffering from the gene
mutation known as Factor V Leidan, found in one in twenty
of the population. It affects the clotting performance
of the blood, increasing sevenfold the sufferers
vulnerability to flight related DVT.


Few are unaware that they suffer from the mutation and
while it can be picked up in tests they are too expensive
to allow for mass screening. It is also believed that
passengers are at risk of DVT if they become dehydrated
through drinking alcohol and if they use sleeping pills.
The deep sleep induced by some knock-out drugs leads to
a long period of inactivity and lowers oxygen in the blood,
increasing stickiness.


DVT can also occur during pregnancy, because there is an
increased tendency for the blood to form clots, a natural
mechanism to prevent bleeding during childbirth.


Question: What are the symptoms?.


Answer: Early signs are swelling of the ankle. But remember
that many people get swollen ankles during flight.
However an indication that it might be DVT is when one
ankle swells much more than the other.


There may also be localised redness and some pain. More
serious symptoms are a cough, breathlessness, a rapid
heartbeat, and palpitations.


Question: What should you do?.


Answer: Seek medical advice quickly.


Question: How Serious is it?.


Answer: A pulmonary embolism can be life-threatening and
needs immediate medical attention. If it blocks a major
artery feeding the lung it can cause death from respiratory
or cardiac failure because the heart cannot get the blood
through the system.


Question: Is it always fatal?.


Answer: No. Many people get DVT and never realise it. The
clot can just sit there and not turn into an embolism. It
can be a smaller clot which goes into the lung and causes
respiratory problems but not catastrophic failure.


Or sometimes a pulmonary embolism can go unnoticed by the
victim because it is not a major part of the lung which
becomes clogged up.


Sometimes the clot does not break off at all and simply
remains as a deep vein thrombosis.


Do's and Don'ts


DO: Always have a glass of water in front of you. Make
sure drink plenty of water (or juice) both during and
before the flight. Carbonated (Seltzer) Ginger drinks
are particularly beneficial.


DO: Get up and walk up and down the aisle when you get
a chance.


DO: Take an aspirin before the flight to thin the blood.
But check with your GP, aspirin is not advisable with
conditions such as stomach ulcers.


DO: Try elastic stoking, particularly if you have varicose
veins. They apply constant pressure down the leg and aid
the blood flow.


DON'T: Drink alcohol, it dehydrates you.


DON'T: Drink too much coffee or tea; like alcohol they
can dehydrate you.


DON'T: Have any kind of obstruction near or around the
calves when seated.


DON'T: Go to sleep with any constriction on lower legs.


DON'T: Wear tight socks, though you can wear the airline
versions which are not constricting.


DON'T: Smoke. even assuming the airline allows it.


NEW DRUG


A new generation drug has been launched which can
dramatically reduce the serious risk of potentially fatal blood
clots following orthopaedic surgery.


Deep vein thrombosis - blood clots in the legs - caused by
"economy class syndrome" on long-haul flights has
attracted much publicity.


But a much bigger cause of clots both in the legs and the
lungs is orthopaedic operations such as hip replacement,
repair of hip fractures and major knee surgery.


With no preventative treatment, an estimated 50% of the
180,000 UK patients undergoing surgery to lower limbs
each year will develop deep vein thrombosis.


DVT often occurs without the patient or doctors knowing,
and may lead to a blood clot in the lung, or pulmonary
embolism, which can be fatal.


Current treatments reduce the hazard, but a 15% to 30%
risk remains that a patient will develop either DVT or PE.


In 2000-2001 there were in excess of 45,000 NHS hospital
admissions resulting from DVT or PE, of which more than
80% were emergencies.


The new drug, fondaparinux sodium, sold under the brand
name Arixtra, is said to reduce the risk by a further 50% - a
massive improvement.


John Skinner, consultant orthopaedic surgeon at the Royal
National Orthopaedic Hospital in Stanmore, Middlesex,
said: "There remains a need for an effective, well-tolerated
agent that will help to prevent venous thromboembolism
(blood clots). Such a therapy could save lives and reduce
the pressure on the NHS when it has to cope with this
dangerous yet difficult to diagnose condition."


Arixtra is the first of a new class of drug which targets a
particular protein called activated factor X that plays a key
role in clotting blood. Trials have shown it to be more than
50% more effective than the currently most widely
prescribed anti-clotting agent, enoxaparin. Unlike
enoxaparin, however, Arixtra does not affect the blood
platelets which help prevent bleeding.


2 July 2002


Exposure to infrasound generated by jet engines proposed as
essential cause of Airline Passenger’s DVT Syndrome -and of
Temporal Lobe Atrophy in airline hostesses.


Size of the problem.
According to www.aviation-health.org of the 54 million
passengers carried by European airlines on longhaul trips
for an average of 9.4 hours, one million passengers suffer
from air-related DVT, or around 5%. On short haul trips of
3 to 4 hours it is 1 to 2%.
The UK lobby group ‘Victims of Air-Related DVT Association’
(VARDA) is linked to this website.


www.airhealth.org has collated 21 medical reports leading
to a conservative estimate of one million airline passengers
diagnosed and treated in the USA each year, with 100,000
fatalities. Combining the European and US figures, we may
have greatly in excess of these last numbers per annum.


In a recent trial, Scurr et al (2001) showed that around
10% of long haul (median 24 hours) passengers older than
50 but without other known risk factors developed ‘symptomless’
DVT after one return flight, returning to the UK within
6 weeks. This appears to be a significant finding
(the general population is more at risk) which has not yet
impacted on the mind of the travelling public. These smaller
blood clots are capable of moving to the lungs, sometimes
with fatal results. However, in this trial all positive cases
were treated with heparin and referred to their GP’s.


There are two Class Actions in progress, one involving Collins
Solicitors working with VARDA in the UK on a A$55 million case
against several airlines, alleging that the airlines did not
warn passengers of the risks of developing DVT; the other
Slater & Gordon in Australia suing Qantas, BA, KLM and the
Australian air safety body CASA on the same basis as at
July 2001.


The website www.flyana.com provides professional insight into
how airline passenger health has been compromised by commercial
or economic considerations in recent years.


Another website..
http://www.vascularsociety.org.uk/patient/dvt_travel.html


Complete report free by email from: "David Collier"
<***@tpg.com.au>


Acknowledgements: Daily Mail, Ananova, Dave Collier and Joe Curry


--


www.edinburghairport.org.uk
Scotland's most convenient/accessible airport.
https://www.germanwings.com/images/fluginfo_contentrelated_image_map_...
http://www.yabbers.com/phpbb/?mforum=edinburghairpor



Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/634q5a


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

Post by ironjustice
Would this BE because of their PREdisposal to too many red blood
cells / polycythemia ?
Lung disease is accompanied by erythrocytosis / polycythemia /
increased red blood cells.
The lung disease induced blood cell production is NOW increased even
more / red blood cell production / low cabin pressure .. leads to
increased chance of .. death / stroke .. ?
--------
Pre-Flight Testing Urged for All Travelers With Restrictive Lung
Disease
(Reuters Health) Jun 24 - All patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo a hypoxic challenge test prior
to air travel, according to a report in the June issue of Thorax.
The authors of the paper, led by Dr. M. W. Elliott from St. James's
University Hospital, Leeds, UK, note that according to British
Thoracic Society guidelines, travelers with respiratory disease do not
need to be assessed for a need for supplemental in-flight oxygen if
their resting oxygen saturation is greater than 95%. These
guidelines,
the authors say, are based "on anecdotal evidence and little data."
To assess the appropriateness of the British guidelines, the
researchers administered hypoxic challenge tests to 19 adults with
kyphoscoliosis or neuromuscular disease, all of whom were at risk for
nocturnal hypoventilation and 15 of whom used home ventilators while
sleeping.
All subjects completed the challenge with no adverse effects,
although
testing was aborted in 5 patients when oxygen saturation fell below
85%. Three of these 5 had resting oxygen saturation levels above 95%.
Based on the results of the hypoxic challenge tests, supplemental in-
flight oxygen would be recommended for 50% of the patients with
resting oxygen saturation above 95% (who would not be deemed by the
British Thoracic Society guidelines to require in-flight oxygen) and
71% of patients with borderline baseline oxygen saturation (92-95%).
Only 4 of the 19 patients in this study would definitely not require
in-flight oxygen based on the test result, the researchers note.
There was no consistent relationship between the change in partial
pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and the change in partial pressure
of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) during hypoxic challenge, the
investigators say.
"This finding suggests that all patients with severe extrapulmonary
restrictive lung disease should undergo assessment with hypoxic
challenge test prior to air travel," the authors conclude. "The study
confirms that even patients with a resting saturation of >95% can
desaturate significantly during hypoxic challenge."
"A decision as to whether it is safe for a patient to fly should be
made by an experienced clinician...based on a number of factors, which
should include previous travel experience, the patient's overall
condition, and the results of a hypoxic challenge test," they add.
Thorax 2009;64:532-534.
--------------
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/4rq595
DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

[ad hominem]

Three words for you Tom; birth control fucknut.

[ironjustice]

On Jun 27, 7:33 am, ad hominem <***@gmail.com> wrote:
snip <<

Lmpdck Little Atheist Btch

"Chelating agents to facilitate thrombolysis"


Modification of fibrin structure as a possible cause of thrombolytic
resistance
Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis
Boguslaw Lipinski1
(1) Department of Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA


Published online: 24 June 2009


Abstract
This paper presents a concept according to which free radicals,
specifically
the most biologically active hydroxyl radicals, induce structural
modifications
in fibrin(ogen) molecules making them resistant to proteolytic
degradation.
Such changes are analogous to those in congeneticaly altered
fibrinogen that
give rise to plasmin resistant fibrin clots and consequently to
thrombosis.
In view of the fact that hydroxyl radicals are generated in the
Fenton
reaction
in the presence of iron and/or copper ions, the use of chelating
agents to
facilitate thrombolysis is rationalized.
Moreover, the resistance of thrombi older than 3 h to proteolytic
degradation
may be abrogated by the administration of free radical scavengers,
particularly
those that can be neutralized by virtue of aromatic hydroxylation,
such as
salicylates and polyphenolic compounds.


Keywords Free radicals - Fibrin(ogen) - Proteolysis - Chelating
agents -
Free radical scavengers


Boguslaw Lipinski
Email: ***@joslin.harvard.edu


------­­­­­­-----


Deep Vein Thrombosis FAQ


Question: What is Deep Vein Thrombosis.?


Answer: DVT is the name given to a blood clot that forms
in a vein, most commonly in the calf. On a plane, DVT
can be caused partly by dehydration - it gets very dry
in planes and the blood becomes thicker than usual - and
by not moving about.


Long-haul, direct flights may carry the biggest risk
because there is less opportunity to move around.


Question: What happens.?


Answer: A combination of inactivity, sluggish
circulation and thicker blood results in a clot forming
on the side wall of a vein.


Platelets in the blood stick to each other and to the
wall.


The clot gets slowly bigger and obstructs the vein,
although it is rare for the whole vein to become blocked.


Question: Why does it happen.?


Answer: Because it is a long way from the bottom of the
leg back to the heart, the calf muscle acts as a vein pump
to send the blood back up. The problem is it only works
when the muscle is working, so if you are sitting in a
chair or lying for a long time the calf muscle takes time
out.


Question: Why does that cause a clot.?


Answer: The blood is thicker, both because of dehydration
and because it is not moving about, and as a result there
is a tendency for it to become sluggish and clot.


When you eventually stand up, the muscle gets going and
the clot or a bit of it may break off and head up towards
the heart along with a tail of debris which has built up
behind and may be several inches long. It arrives in the
right side of the heart and is pumped into the lungs,
becoming a pulmonary embolism. If it is big enough to clog
up vessel it can have a big impact on breathing. The whole
functioning of the lung can be compromised.


Question: Who is at risk?.


Answer: Factors include being over 40, although there have
been younger victims. Others include being on the Pill,
smoking, overweight or having a previous DVT or recent
major surgery.


Also more susceptible are those suffering from the gene
mutation known as Factor V Leidan, found in one in twenty
of the population. It affects the clotting performance
of the blood, increasing sevenfold the sufferers
vulnerability to flight related DVT.


Few are unaware that they suffer from the mutation and
while it can be picked up in tests they are too expensive
to allow for mass screening. It is also believed that
passengers are at risk of DVT if they become dehydrated
through drinking alcohol and if they use sleeping pills.
The deep sleep induced by some knock-out drugs leads to
a long period of inactivity and lowers oxygen in the blood,
increasing stickiness.


DVT can also occur during pregnancy, because there is an
increased tendency for the blood to form clots, a natural
mechanism to prevent bleeding during childbirth.


Question: What are the symptoms?.


Answer: Early signs are swelling of the ankle. But remember
that many people get swollen ankles during flight.
However an indication that it might be DVT is when one
ankle swells much more than the other.


There may also be localised redness and some pain. More
serious symptoms are a cough, breathlessness, a rapid
heartbeat, and palpitations.


Question: What should you do?.


Answer: Seek medical advice quickly.


Question: How Serious is it?.


Answer: A pulmonary embolism can be life-threatening and
needs immediate medical attention. If it blocks a major
artery feeding the lung it can cause death from respiratory
or cardiac failure because the heart cannot get the blood
through the system.


Question: Is it always fatal?.


Answer: No. Many people get DVT and never realise it. The
clot can just sit there and not turn into an embolism. It
can be a smaller clot which goes into the lung and causes
respiratory problems but not catastrophic failure.


Or sometimes a pulmonary embolism can go unnoticed by the
victim because it is not a major part of the lung which
becomes clogged up.


Sometimes the clot does not break off at all and simply
remains as a deep vein thrombosis.


Do's and Don'ts


DO: Always have a glass of water in front of you. Make
sure drink plenty of water (or juice) both during and
before the flight. Carbonated (Seltzer) Ginger drinks
are particularly beneficial.


DO: Get up and walk up and down the aisle when you get
a chance.


DO: Take an aspirin before the flight to thin the blood.
But check with your GP, aspirin is not advisable with
conditions such as stomach ulcers.


DO: Try elastic stoking, particularly if you have varicose
veins. They apply constant pressure down the leg and aid
the blood flow.


DON'T: Drink alcohol, it dehydrates you.


DON'T: Drink too much coffee or tea; like alcohol they
can dehydrate you.


DON'T: Have any kind of obstruction near or around the
calves when seated.


DON'T: Go to sleep with any constriction on lower legs.


DON'T: Wear tight socks, though you can wear the airline
versions which are not constricting.


DON'T: Smoke. even assuming the airline allows it.


NEW DRUG


A new generation drug has been launched which can
dramatically reduce the serious risk of potentially fatal blood
clots following orthopaedic surgery.


Deep vein thrombosis - blood clots in the legs - caused by
"economy class syndrome" on long-haul flights has
attracted much publicity.


But a much bigger cause of clots both in the legs and the
lungs is orthopaedic operations such as hip replacement,
repair of hip fractures and major knee surgery.


With no preventative treatment, an estimated 50% of the
180,000 UK patients undergoing surgery to lower limbs
each year will develop deep vein thrombosis.


DVT often occurs without the patient or doctors knowing,
and may lead to a blood clot in the lung, or pulmonary
embolism, which can be fatal.


Current treatments reduce the hazard, but a 15% to 30%
risk remains that a patient will develop either DVT or PE.


In 2000-2001 there were in excess of 45,000 NHS hospital
admissions resulting from DVT or PE, of which more than
80% were emergencies.


The new drug, fondaparinux sodium, sold under the brand
name Arixtra, is said to reduce the risk by a further 50% - a
massive improvement.


John Skinner, consultant orthopaedic surgeon at the Royal
National Orthopaedic Hospital in Stanmore, Middlesex,
said: "There remains a need for an effective, well-tolerated
agent that will help to prevent venous thromboembolism
(blood clots). Such a therapy could save lives and reduce
the pressure on the NHS when it has to cope with this
dangerous yet difficult to diagnose condition."


Arixtra is the first of a new class of drug which targets a
particular protein called activated factor X that plays a key
role in clotting blood. Trials have shown it to be more than
50% more effective than the currently most widely
prescribed anti-clotting agent, enoxaparin. Unlike
enoxaparin, however, Arixtra does not affect the blood
platelets which help prevent bleeding.


2 July 2002


Exposure to infrasound generated by jet engines proposed as
essential cause of Airline Passenger’s DVT Syndrome -and of
Temporal Lobe Atrophy in airline hostesses.


Size of the problem.
According to www.aviation-health.org of the 54 million
passengers carried by European airlines on longhaul trips
for an average of 9.4 hours, one million passengers suffer
from air-related DVT, or around 5%. On short haul trips of
3 to 4 hours it is 1 to 2%.
The UK lobby group ‘Victims of Air-Related DVT Association’
(VARDA) is linked to this website.


www.airhealth.org has collated 21 medical reports leading
to a conservative estimate of one million airline passengers
diagnosed and treated in the USA each year, with 100,000
fatalities. Combining the European and US figures, we may
have greatly in excess of these last numbers per annum.


In a recent trial, Scurr et al (2001) showed that around
10% of long haul (median 24 hours) passengers older than
50 but without other known risk factors developed ‘symptomless’
DVT after one return flight, returning to the UK within
6 weeks. This appears to be a significant finding
(the general population is more at risk) which has not yet
impacted on the mind of the travelling public. These smaller
blood clots are capable of moving to the lungs, sometimes
with fatal results. However, in this trial all positive cases
were treated with heparin and referred to their GP’s.


There are two Class Actions in progress, one involving Collins
Solicitors working with VARDA in the UK on a A$55 million case
against several airlines, alleging that the airlines did not
warn passengers of the risks of developing DVT; the other
Slater & Gordon in Australia suing Qantas, BA, KLM and the
Australian air safety body CASA on the same basis as at
July 2001.


The website www.flyana.com provides professional insight into
how airline passenger health has been compromised by commercial
or economic considerations in recent years.


Another website..
http://www.vascularsociety.org.uk/patient/dvt_travel.html


Complete report free by email from: "David Collier"
<***@tpg.com.au>


Acknowledgements: Daily Mail, Ananova, Dave Collier and Joe Curry


--


www.edinburghairport.org.uk
Scotland's most convenient/accessible airport.
https://www.germanwings.com/images/fluginfo_contentrelated_image_map_...
http://www.yabbers.com/phpbb/?mforum=edinburghairpor


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/634q5a


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

[ironjustice]

On Jun 27, 11:05 am, ironjustice <***@cashette.com> wrote:
blood becomes thicker <<

One of the problems of too much blood / increased red blood cell
production / thick blood is heart problems.
Lowering of too much blood was and is accomplished by blood donation.

"Blood donation as a form of bloodletting to alleviate the symptoms of
`thick blood'."

http://bod.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/15/2/123

Addressing 'thick blood' lowers the death rate to zero.

http://tinyurl.com/35dug

"This is the largest published study measuring blood volume and
patient outcomes.
The death rate was almost 55% vs. 0% for those patients who were
normovolemic to slightly hypovolemic"

-------------------------


"Idiopathic anasarca" is what the ancient physicians called plethora,
which was just too much blood, and which venesecton removed.
Such anasarca is almost universal after middle life"


Br Med J. 1915 June 19; 1(2842): 1069.


Copyright notice
BLOODLETTING IN PNEUMONIA
John Haddon
BLOODLETTING IN PNEUMONIA.
Sir, Dr. Balms's communication in the Journal of June 5th, p. 970,
telling how he treats some cases of pneumonia, deserves to be
noticed.
It was the late Professor John Hughes Bennet who first advocated the
expectant treatment of pneumonia, and his book on the subject was
translated into many languages.
I acted as his resident in the clinical wards of the Edinburgh Royal
Infirmary, and , by his directions, I occasionally bled patients.
Bennet would have bled the cases Dr. Balm describes , and if the idea
is original on his part , he deserves credit.
Talking about his letter with a medical friend , he told me that he
had a patient whose nose bled profusely; he failed to stop it, and
the
late Dr. Joseph Bell was consulted he told my friend that his father
would , in such a case , have opened a vein, and that was what Dr.
Joseph Bell did.
He did not take more than two tablespoonsfuls of blood , and there
was
no more bleeding from the nose.
Our grandfathers used to be bled every spring, and I have heard
Professor Bennet tell of the row of patients waiting to be bled.
Lanquid and lazy before being bled, they felt as if their youth were
renewed by the bleeding.
I heard Sir T. Clifford Allbutt tell of having had a patient
suffering
from a pulse of very high tension, who was kept for a year by one
venesection; in these days of so-called sudden death from heart
failure or apoplexy , which I look upon as an opprobrium to the
physician, it would be well to resort to an annual bleeding aagain,
unless the profession can be converted to the views set forth in my
book which proves that food is the chief cause of disease, and
restricts the quantity , as well as changes the quality , of the
patients food.
In what has been called "idiopathic anasarca" we have a neurosis ,
due
to what the ancient physicians called plethora, which was just too
much blood, and which venesecton removed.
Such anasarca is almost universal after middle life, and I have found
it in some quite young , proving that even the youngest may be
injured
by the food they eat.
Such facts ought to encourage the study of dietetics which the
General
Medical Council would do well to make a compulsory subject of
examination for every licence to practice medicine. -- I am, etc.,
Hawick June 7th, John Haddon, M.D.


PMCID: PMC2302502
----------------

"This is the largest published study measuring blood volume and
patient outcomes. The death rate was almost 55% vs. 0% for
those patients who were normovolemic to slightly hypovolemic"

5/24/2004
Study Involving Survival of Congestive Heart Failure Patients and
Blood Volume Measurement Using the BVA-100

New York, NY, May 24, 2004 – Daxor Corporation (AMEX: DXR),
a medical instrumentation and biotechnology company, today
announced a new study involving blood volume measurement and
the survival of congestive heart failure patients.
The study, conducted at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center,
ranked as the #1 hospital in the NY region, was published in The
American Journal of Cardiology (2004;93:1254-1259).
The study, authored by Dr. Stuart Katz , currently an Associate
Professor at Yale Medical School , and Dr. Ana- Silvia Androne,
et al. utilized the BVA-100 Blood Volume Analyzer to measure the
degree of blood volume expansion in congestive heart failure patients
and the eventual outcome of these severely ill patients.
The patients had a median follow up for a total of 719 days.
This is the largest published study measuring blood volume and
patient
outcomes.
Congestive heart failure is the number one cause for admission to
hospitals for patients over 65 years of age and results in annual
healthcare costs exceeding $38 billion.

The study is notable for a number of significant findings.
The study followed severely ill congestive heart failure patients for
a
median follow up of 719 days.
During the first year, the major finding was a 39% death rate in
patients
that were hypervolemic (excess blood volume) vs. 0% death rate for
those who were normovolemic/hypovolemic (normal blood volume/mildly
reduced blood volume).
For those hypervolemic patients that were followed fora median
duration
of 719 days, the death rate was almost 55% vs. 0% for those patients
who were normovolemic to slightly hypovolemic.

The second finding was based on comparing the ability of a
cardiologist when performing a comprehensive physical examination to
evaluate whether the patient had hypervolemia, normovolemia or
hypovolemia.
The study found that physicians were only correct 51% of
the time in categorizing the blood volume status of the patient.
Another finding was that the systolic blood pressure for the
hypervolemic group was significantly lower as compared to that of the
normo/hypovolemic group.
This may be related to Vasodilators, which are commonly used to treat
congestive heart failure.
An additional observation was that patients in the normo/hypovolemic
group had better kidney blood flow than the hypervolemic patients.
Dr. Joseph Feldschuh, President of Daxor, who is a cardiologist,
stated “At the present time, it is very difficult for experienced
physicians to judge when they have over-treated or under- treated
patients.
More precise treatment has the potential for reducing the
frequency and extent of hospitalization of congestive heart failure
patients.
The treatment for hypervolemia is different than the treatment for
hypovolemia in heart failure.
Dr. Androne and Dr. Katzs’ study demonstrates the difficulty a
physician faces in distinguishing these conditions and administering
optimum therapy.
The difference in the survival rate between the different groups of
heart
failure patients suggests that adjusting medical therapy in a heart
failure
patient to normalize his/her blood volume can improve the longevity
of
the patient.”


Daxor Corporation manufactures and markets the BVA-100, a semi-
automated Blood Volume Analyzer.
The BVA-100 is used in conjunction with a single use diagnostic kit,
and measures blood volume to within a 98% accuracy.
For more information regarding Daxor Corporation's Blood Volume
Analyzer
BVA-100, visit Daxor's website www.Daxor.com.


For more infomation, please contact:
Stephen Feldschuh
Chief Operating Officer
212-330-8515
email: ***@daxor.com Diane Meegan
Investor Relations
212-330-8512
email: ***@daxor.com
--------------------------

This says bloodletting and / or menstruation alleviates
accumulation of blood and hyperviscosity / 'thick blood' and
should be used as a **selling point** in blood donation centers.


Alleviative Bleeding: Bloodletting, Menstruation
and the Politics of Ignorance in a Brazilian Blood
Donation Centre
Emilia Sanabria
Centre Edgar Morin (EHESS/CNRS), ***@ehess.fr


This article focuses on blood donation as a form of bloodletting
in a context where donation is commonly seen to alleviate the
symptoms of `thick blood'.
It deals with the gendered aspects of blood donation, and the
parallels drawn between donating blood and menstruating.
Women are seen not to need to donate blood as much as men,
who, in the absence of menstruation, are more prone to thick
blood and require a means to expunge the ensuing excess.
While blood donation professionals strive to reconstruct donation
as a selfless and ungendered act, counterposing the `facts' of
arterial blood circulation to local blood-lore and beliefs, lay
understandings challenge this construction in the use they make
of blood donation centres or by reiterating the personalistic and
gendered dimensions of donation.
The article explores cases of patients who use hormonal
contraceptives which suppress menstruation and express concerns
over the resulting accumulation of blood in the body.
It considers how blood donation is adopted by some women as
a means of dispelling both the perceived inconveniences of menstrual
bleeding and its swelling effects.
Such literalized engagements with medical technologies reveal a
conception of the body as a permeable, malleable and recipient-like
enclosure.
These views are often characterized as `ignorance' by medical
practitioners, where ignorance is seen to derive not only from the
absence
of knowledge, but from the presence of the wrong kind of knowledge.


Key Words: anthropology • blood • Brazil • humours •
menstrual suppression • menstruation


Body & Society, Vol. 15, No. 2, 123-144 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1357034X09104112


------------

Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

[ironjustice]

On Jun 27, 7:19 pm, ironjustice <***@cashette.com> wrote:
thrombosis <<

"Iron Accelerates Thrombosis"

http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/107/20/2601

Basic Science Reports

Chronic Iron Administration Increases Vascular Oxidative Stress
and Accelerates Arterial Thrombosis
Circulation. 2003;107:2601-2606Sharlene M. Day, MD;
Damon Duquaine, BS; Lakshmi V. Mundada, MS;
Rekha G. Menon, MD; Bobby V. Khan, MD, PhD;
Sanjay Rajagopalan, MD; William P. Fay, MD
From the University of Michigan Medical School,
Division of Cardiology, Ann Arbor
(S.M.D., D.D., L.V.M., S.R., W.P.F.); and
Emory University School of Medicine,
Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, Ga (R.G.M., B.V.K.).

Correspondence to Sharlene M. Day, MD,
University of Michigan Medical Center,
7301 MSRB III, 1150 W Medical Center Dr,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0644.
E-mail ***@umich.edu


Abstract

Background—
Iron overload has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of ischemic cardiovascular events.
However, the effects of iron excess on vascular function
and the thrombotic response to vascular injury are not
well understood.

Methods and Results—
We examined the effects of chronic iron dextran
administration (15 mg over 6 weeks) on thrombosis,
systemic and vascular oxidative stress, and
endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity in mice.
Thrombus generation after photochemical carotid
artery injury was accelerated in iron-loaded mice
(mean time to occlusive thrombosis, 20.4±8.5 minutes;
n=10) compared with control mice (54.5±35.5 minutes, n=10,
P=0.009).
Iron loading had no effect on plasma clotting, vessel
wall tissue factor activity, or ADP-induced platelet
aggregation.
Acute administration of DL-cysteine, a reactive oxygen
species scavenger, completely abrogated the effects of iron
loading on thrombus formation, suggesting that iron
accelerated thrombosis through a pro-oxidant mechanism.
Iron loading enhanced both systemic and vascular reactive
oxygen species production.
Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was impaired in
iron-loaded mice, indicating reduced NO bioavailability.

Conclusions—
Moderate iron loading markedly accelerates thrombus
formation after arterial injury, increases vascular
oxidative stress, and impairs vasoreactivity.
Iron-induced vascular dysfunction may contribute to
the increased incidence of ischemic cardiovascular
events that have been associated with chronic iron
overload.


Key Words: thrombosis • free radicals • arteries


Published online before print May 5, 2003,
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000066910.02844.D0
(Circulation. 2003;107:2601.)
© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.

--------------------

Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk